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Nature and experiments are the final judge of the correctness of scientific ideas. The expansion of the universe is the increase in distance between any two given gravitationally unbound parts of the observable universe with time.
Though some details of the Big Bang still need to be perfected, the general scheme of an early hot universe with a definite beginning is accepted by most astronomers today. Five years ago, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three astronomers for their discovery, in the late 1990s, that the universe is expanding at an accelerating pace.
The debate among astronomers is over whether the universe is expanding, a completely different question. According to the Big Bang theory, about 13.8 billion years ago the whole Universe was a very small, extremely hot and dense region. It is an intrinsic expansion whereby the scale of space itself changes.The universe does not expand "into" anything and does not require space to exist "outside" it. With enough matter, the expansion will slow or even become a contraction. Sure, they say, the fact that most of the galaxies … The Big Bang theory may be nice but it has to pass the judgement of observation. Technically, neither space nor objects in space move. The age of universe can be determined by imaging what the universe looked like in the past, “rewinding” the expansion. One such parameter is the angular size of galaxies; another is the surface brightness of galaxies. The expansion or contraction of the universe depends on its content and past history.
This expansion, usually referred to as the "metric expansion" of space, is a “broad-brush effect” in that individual galaxies themselves are not expanding, but the clusters of galaxies into which the matter of the universe has become divided are becoming more widely separated and more thinly spread throughout space. Hubble finds proof that the universe is expanding 1929. In the past the galaxies must have been closer together, and in the distant past they would have been packed together in a tiny point. But you already know that life is not so simple. The universe contains a great deal of mass and its gravity decelerates the expansion—by a large amount if the universe contains a lot of matter, or by a negligible amount if the universe is nearly empty. The expansion (or contraction) of space is a necessary consequence in a Universe that contains masses. The universe we live in is not flat and unchanging, but constantly expanding.
On the other hand, dark energy drives the universe towards increasing rates of expansion. There is overwhelming physical evidence that the universe is changing. The simplest scenario of an expanding universe would be one in which R increases with time at a constant rate. Whenever we talk about the expanding universe, everyone wants to know how this is going to end. The way to test the idea of the expanding universe is to look for a parameter that would be different as a function of distance, and hence a function of historically elapsed time, in an expanding universe as compared to a static one. The two keys to Edwin Hubble's breakthrough discovery were forged by others in the 1910s..
But the rate of expansion and how it behaves over time is …
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