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In 1935 Charles Richter defined the magnitude of an earthquake to be where I is the intensity of the earthquake (measured by the amplitude of a seismograph reading taken 100 km from the epicenter of the earthquake) and S is the intensity of a ''standard earthquake'' (whose amplitude is 1 micron =10 -4 … Earthquake - Earthquake - Intensity and magnitude of earthquakes: The violence of seismic shaking varies considerably over a single affected area. Poarid, an Italian, made the first known attempt to classify earthquakes by intensity in 1627; he used a scale of four levels of intensity to describe effects of earthquakes experienced at different towns. The intensity of an earthquake at a location is a number that characterizes the severity of ground shaking at that location by considering the effects ofthe shaking on people, on manmade structures, and on the landscape. The level of earthquake intensities is discussed blow. Fig. Seismographs used to record earthquakes magnitudes. 1: The distribution of intensity at different places during an earthquake is shown graphically using isoseismal. 900,000: 2.5 to 5.4: Often felt, but only causes minor damage. Fig.
Seismic intensity scales categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) at a given location, such as resulting from an earthquake.They are distinguished from seismic magnitude scales, which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps not, cause perceptible shaking.. Serious damage.
Magnitude: Earthquake Effects: Estimated Number Each Year: 2.5 or less: Usually not felt, but can be recorded by seismograph. The intensity value is determined from the observable effects of the shaking on people, on manmade structures and their contents, and on the landscape. Difference between Earthquake Magnitude and Intensity. 500: 6.1 to 6.9: May cause a lot of damage in very populated areas.
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Thus it is clear that magnitude is a fixed value independent of distance from the epicenter of the earthquake, whereas intensity varies and is measured differently at different places depending upon its distance from the epicenter. 30,000: 5.5 to 6.0: Slight damage to buildings and other structures. 100: 7.0 to 7.9: Major earthquake. Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. With these reports in hand, investigators of the U.S. Geological Survey then interviewed other expert witnesses, such as building engineers and inspectors, to help them map zones of equivalent intensity. The following is an excerpt from Intensity Distribution and Isoseismal Maps for the Northridge, California, Earthquake of January 17,1994. Before we start, let's talk about earthquakes and how we measure their intensity.
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