";s:4:"text";s:1655:" Venus has no detectable internal magnetic field, and the field that exists around the planet is entirely due to the interaction between the solar wind and the atmosphere. It will study its complex dynamics and chemistry, and the interactions between the atmosphere and the surface, which will give clues about the surface’s characteristics.
This approach allowed ESA to minimize the costs and development risk and eventually guaranteed readiness for the launch in November 2005.
This set of instruments is able to study the atmosphere, … The mission was born after ESA asked for proposals, in March 2001, suggesting how to reuse the design of the Mars Express spacecraft. Thanks to a set of state-of-the-art instruments for planetary investigations, Venus Express will dig into the secrets of the Venusian atmosphere. Venus Express.
Venus Express is ESA's first mission to Earth's nearest planetary neighbour, Venus. Venus Express is equipped with seven scientific instruments which gather data about the surface, the atmosphere and the space plasma environment during the different observation phases of each orbit. The guidelines were extremely strict. The Venus Express payload comprises a combination of spectrometers, spectro-imagers and imagers covering a wavelength range from ultraviolet to thermal infrared, a plasma analyser and a magnetometer. Venus Express Magnetometer (MAG) Led by IWF, Graz, Austria. The Venus Express mission re-uses the Mars Express spacecraft with some modifications mainly driven by four times higher solar flux at Venus and the need to accommodate non-MEX instruments.