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From 1958 through 1976, the Soviet Union sent automated explorers that circled, landed on, and roamed about the Moon. Instead of setting down their lander sooner, the Soviet controllers lost valuable time studying and analyzing the lunar surface for the next four days! The Soviet spacecraft entered lunar orbit on July 17, two days before Apollo 11 arrived. Yet the U.S.S.R. never announced its intent to land a cosmonaut on the Moon. Three robotic craft even gathered samples of lunar soil and brought them to Earth. MOSCOW, June 10 — The United States and the Soviet Union exchanged, samples of lunar soil in a brief ceremony today marking an expansion of cooperation in space research and exploration. It also collected lunar samples by means of an extendable drilling apparatus. The lunar samples were recovered the following day. At one point, the controllers decided to land two hours after Apollo 11 landed, get the samples, … Luna 17 (Nov. 10, 1970) soft-landed a robot vehicle, Lunokhod 1, for exploration.

We now know that even more dramatic Soviet moon race efforts were ALSO aimed at upstaging Apollo, hoping it would fail. The lunar samples were originally presented by the Soviet government to Nina Ivanovna Koroleva, the widow of Sergei Korolev, the "Chief Designer" of the Russian space program. Luna 16 (Sept. 12, 1970) was the first unmanned spacecraft to carry lunar soil samples back to Earth.
The image at the top of the page is the first image of the far side of the Moon, taken by the Luna 3 spacecraft in October, 1959. The ascent stage of Luna 20 was launched from the lunar surface on February 22, 1972, carrying 30 grams of collected lunar samples in a sealed capsule.
The Soviet lunar samples last sold at auction in 1993 when they went for $442,500 to an anonymous buyer. Though the American mission would be first to land people on the Moon, the Soviet mission might have been first to bring lunar samples back to Earth. These Soviet efforts underscored their desperation to nullify the worldwide Astronomers Uncover Audio of 1969 Soviet Attempt to Beat U.S. to the Moon ... is going to land this evening” — and return to the Soviet Union with lunar rock samples. Luna 9 (Jan. 31, 1966) made the first successful lunar soft landing. The six Apollo missions that touched down on the lunar surface from 1969 to 1972 collected 842 lbs. The Space age began on Oct. 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, … lunar samples to Earth just before the astronauts got back. Under Korolev's direction, the Soviet Union successfully put the world's first satellite into … Today in History, October 4, 1957: Space Age began with launch of Soviet's Sputnik satellite. The Luna-16 mission was the first time that the Soviet Union obtained lunar samples and it was just the third time ever, following the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions by the Americans. But it was the Soviet program that failed -- and they did their best to keep it secret. It landed in the Soviet Union on February 25, 1972.
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