";s:4:"text";s:3717:" The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, also known as Pioneer Venus 2 or Pioneer 13 was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program. Pioneer Venus Large Probe - This spacecraft was the Large Probe portion of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe mission.
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978, and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus. Pioneer–13 vagy Pioneer Venus Multiprobe ( angolul : úttörő) amerikai mesterséges bolygó , amelyet a Pioneer-program keretében utolsónak indították a Vénusz körzetébe, bolygóközi szonda. The Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe spacecraft design and operation enabled both remote and in-situ measurements of the Venusian environment from the outermost fringes of the atmosphere all the way to the surface. The Multiprobe consisted of a bus that carried one large and three small atmospheric probes. Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, juga dikenal sebagai Pioneer Venus 2 atau Pioneer 13 adalah sebuah pesawat ruang angkasa yang diluncurkan pada tahun 1978 untuk mengeksplorasi Venus sebagai bagian dari program Pioneer NASA.Pesawat ruang angkasa membawa satu probe besar dan tiga probe atmosfer kecil, yang dirancang untuk mengumpulkan data ketika mereka turun ke atmosfer Venus. Released from the carrier vehicle in mid-November 1978, the probes entered the atmosphere at 41,600 km/hr and carried a variety of experiments to measure chemical composition, pressure, density, and temperature of the mid-to-lower atmosphere. Pioneer Venus: Mission Characterization Dr. Andrew Ketsdever Lesson 2 AME 5595. The Pioneer Venus multiprobe carried and released four probes, which measured the atmospheric composition, temperature, and pressure as they descended toward a hard landing on the surface. 0 1 n s a -' 0 r v -) by i'-.
Four days later, the bus released the three Small Probes—the North Probe, Day Probe and the Night Probe—while about 6 million miles (9.3 million kilometers) from Venus. On August 8, 1978, the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe spacecraft launched to study Venus, a planet that has an atmosphere 100 times denser than Earth’s atmosphere and is hotter than the melting point of zinc and lead. Both spacecraft were spin-stabilized and solar-cell powered from launch to Venus. NASA transferred this to the Museum in 1982.